Health benefits of traffic emissions controls in melbourne, Australia

Abstract

Long term exposure to traffic related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In 2005 and 2013, Australia adopted Euro 4 and Euro 5 emissions standards, respectively, for all new vehicles, leading to gradual decreases in TRAP concentrations and associated ambient NO2 levels. We estimated the health impacts of those emissions standards in Victoria, Australia and assessed the spatial distribution of benefits. We estimated annual mortality attributable to TRAP under pre-2005 conditions and calculated the years of life gained since. Population weighted annual average NO2 exposures were estimated for each of the years 2005–2022 using a spati..